【网络强国这十年】当电表连上大数据，让“双碳”目标更近一步******
【网络强国这十年——行业观点篇】
如今，碳中和已在全球范围内达成共识。要实现碳中和，需要在各行业进行深度脱碳。随着大数据、人工智能等新技术的应用，电力行业也在积极革新，推动建设数字基础设施，助推电力行业“双碳”目标的实现。
党的二十大报告提出，推动能源清洁低碳高效利用，推进工业、建筑、交通等领域清洁低碳转型。近年来，志翔科技围绕能源大数据生态，孵化了系列能源大数据产品，在电力企业得到广泛应用，有力支撑国家新型电力系统建设。近日，志翔科技总裁蒋天仪做客光明网“网络强国这十年”专栏，畅谈大数据如何助推电力行业智能化升级，支撑行业碳计量的精准化，为“碳达峰、碳中和”目标实施奠定基础条件。
传统电网的电力数据来源分散、结构多样、质量参差不齐；基于这样的数据很难提供全面精准的数据服务。万物互联时代，数据采集的手段和数据的质量都有了飞跃。充分进行数据采集和处理分析并指导业务，是保障大规模新能源并网和消纳的基本条件之一。蒋天仪认为“精细化”的数据运营管理和计量是关键。
在目前电力行业有一个“三可”的说法（可观：客观采集获取用电数据、可测：精准监测和测量、可控：在可观可测的基础上按需控制），蒋天仪认为，其实在三可的基础上，还可增加“可调”。他介绍，通过大数据分析，目前已经基本达到“可观可测”，这也是“可控”的前提条件。那么，如何让调控更加科学有效？就需要更加精细化的调节调度，即“可调”。
为此，志翔科技研发了非介入式负荷分析产品。通过在新一代智能物联网表上安装边缘计算模块，利用电力指纹技术可以提供精准的用电设备负荷、能耗、使用状况等信息的侦知和分析。电力公司利用非介入式负荷分析产品，可以更精准辨识户内负荷，输出相应用电设备的能耗详单，为用电高峰期制定错峰用电方案提供有力数据支撑。
“过去，我们通过电表只是知道这一户用了多少电，不清楚具体有什么设备在用。但安装非介入式负荷辨识产品模块之后，电力企业可以更加精细地掌握用电情况。”蒋天仪说。
记者了解到，除了工业企业生产和用户生活的用电负荷精细化管理之外，在各行各业、日常生活等场景下，通过大数据对用电设备负荷、能耗等的详细分析也很有想象空间。比如，在消防安全管理方面，通过监测和分析用户用电情况，可以有效检测两轮电动车入户充电等消防隐患行为，从而有效避免火灾问题。在物业管理和环保用电方面，按规定商业楼宇内夜间严禁住人，传统的办法是安排人为巡检，如今非介入式负荷分析产品就能替代人工进行自动分析和监测等。
“随着信息化技术的发展，大数据、云计算等带来的数据量越来越大，很多以前没有利用起来的零散数据，随着大数据技术的成熟和应用，可以通过关联和深度分析而产生价值。”蒋天仪认为，目前，国家已经出台了《数据安全法》《个人信息保护法》等法律法规，为数据安全行业和百姓个人隐私保驾护航。另一方面，大数据在工业领域的应用，尚处于起步阶段，未来还有很大发展空间，需要更多有技术能力的厂商积极创新，让产品更好地落地和应用服务于各行各业，在企业生产效率提升、百姓生活便利的多个方面发挥更大价值。
监制：张宁 李政葳
采访/撰文：李飞 孔繁鑫
后期：刘昊
中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
